科研管理

科研管理 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 258-267.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

“大学扩招”对大学创新效率的影响——基于省级层面的双重差分的分析

吴昌南1,张云2   

  1. 1.江西财经大学 规制与竞争研究中心,江西 南昌330013；
    2.厦门大学 经济学院,福建 厦门361005
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-03 修回日期:2018-06-04 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-08-19
  • 通讯作者: 张云
  • 基金资助:
     国家自然科学基金：“中国售后市场反垄断研究”（71663020，2017—2020）；江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目：“我国邻省域碳排放跨界污染与环境规制研究”（JD16048，2017—2020）。

Influence of “university enrollment expansion” on university innovation efficiency in China——A DID analysis based on provincial panel data

    

  1.  1. Regulation and Competition Research Center, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China;
    2. School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
  • Received:2017-08-03 Revised:2018-06-04 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-08-19
  • Supported by:
     

摘要： “大学扩招”会使人才培养投入增加而挤占大学对科研的投入，进而抑制大学的科研创新效率吗？本文利用中国大陆31个省（市、自治区）及中国香港、中国台湾地区1998—2014年的面板数据，采用“双重差分法”对“大学扩招”的创新效应进行了检验。研究表明，“大学扩招”有利于提高创新效率。这是因为“大学扩招”同时引起了师资队伍规模的壮大和师资质量的提升，并使国家增加了科研经费投入，进而提升了创新效率。有鉴于此，为充分发挥大学在国家创新体系中的“基础和生力军作用”，未来一段时期，中国应以“双一流”建设为契机，继续保持大学招生规模的均衡增长，以扩招壮大教师队伍规模和提升教师质量，同时继续增加大学科研经费投入。

 

关键词: 大学扩招, 创新效率, 双重差分

Abstract:   The period of “13th-five-year plan” is decisive for China to be an innovative country, and it is also the key period for China to thoroughly implement the strategy of innovation-driven development. In this critical time, as an important part of the national innovation system, universities should play the role of foundation and new force. But will the policy of“university enrollment expansion”lead to increasing investment in personnel training and squeezing out investment in university′s research? Is it stunted innovation of universities? 

Many scholars have affirmed that universities paid an important role in regional innovation and they were at core position in national innovation system, but few studies have been done on the impact of “university enrollment expansion”on universities′ innovation efficiency. In theory, as an organization, the university has the characteristics of multi-product joint production including talents and scientific research innovation under the constraints of constant production technology and limited resource input, the expansion of university enrollment will inevitably lead to the change of output combination. Will the “university enrollment expansion”really cause the inhibition of the innovation efficiency in universities because of the increase of investment in talent training and the squeeze of investment in scientific research. If not, what are the reason and mechanisms? This paper provides an empirical evidence of innovation effect of “university enrollment expansion”.It enriches the research on the economic effect of “university enrollment expansion”and it can provide a basis for policy making to develop higher education in China.
After calculating the innovation efficiency with super efficiency DEA method on 31 provinces in mainland China and Hong Kong, Taiwan provinces of China from 1998 to 2014, this paper takes the innovation efficiency of each province as the dependent variable and the “university enrollment expansion” as the independent variable respectively. Through regression analysis with the method of difference-in-differences, it shows “higher education expansion” is conducive to innovation efficiency. According a series of robustness tests, the result is still robust.
Because “university enrollment expansion”can lead to increasing teaching staff, improving of teaching staff and increasing research input, and the three factors changed subsequently with “university enrollment expansion” all contribute to the innovation efficiency, this paper made an further study of impact mechanism test successively with the intermediary variables including the quantity and quality of teaching staff, the input of research. Further research shows that the reason why “university enrollment expansion” is conducive to innovation efficiency is that “university enrollment expansion” has led to the expansion of the teaching staff, the improvement of the quality of teachers, and the increasing of investment to scientific research.
Therefore, China should maintain a steady growth in university enrollment and increase teachers, boost research input meanwhile during the process of the “double first class” construction of the universities, which can promote the scale of higher education and the innovation efficiency at the same time.

Key words:  higher education expansion, innovation efficiency, DID analysis

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